ABSTRACT
El Real Decreto 601/2019 de 18 de octubre es fruto de la transposición parcial al ordenamiento jurídico español de la Directiva EURATOM 59/2013. Este Real Decreto recoge los mandatos de la Directiva relacionados con la necesidad de justificar y optimizar la exposición médica, incluida la de personas asintomáticas, la propuesta de requisitos más estrictos en cuanto a la información que debe proporcionarse al paciente, el registro y la notificación de las dosis de los procedimientos médico-radiológicos, el uso de niveles de referencia para diagnóstico y la disponibilidad de dispositivos indicadores de dosis. El artículo revisa los aspectos más relevantes y novedades relacionadas con los principios de justificación, optimización, control de dosis y las obligaciones derivadas del derecho a la información y el consentimiento. El Real Decreto considera fundamental que exista un alto nivel de competencia, y una nueva enumeración de responsabilidades y funciones de los radiólogos, las cuales se detallan y analizan.(AU)
The Royal Decree 601/2019 of 18th october is the result of the partial transposition into the Spanish legal system of the EURATOM Directive 59/2013. This Royal Decree includes the mandates of the Directive related to the need to justify and optimize medical exposure, including that of asymptomatic people, proposal of stricter requirements regarding the information that must be provided to the patient, registration and notification of the doses of medical-radiological procedures, use of reference levels for diagnosis and the availability of dose-indicating devices. The article reviews the most relevant aspects and novelties related to the principles of justification, optimization, dose control and the obligations derived from the right to information and consent. This Royal Decree considers essential for radiologists to develop a high level of competence and a new list of responsibilities and functions, which are detailed and analysed in this article.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Radiation Exposure/legislation & jurisprudence , Radiation Exposure/prevention & control , Radiation Exposure/standards , Radiation Dosage , Access to Information , Informed Consent , Radiology/ethics , Radiology/legislation & jurisprudence , Radiation Protection , X-Rays , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The Royal Decree 601/2019 of 18th October is the result of the partial transposition into the Spanish legal system of the Euratom Directive 59/2013. This Royal Decree includes the mandates of the Directive related to the need to justify and optimize medical exposure, including that of asymptomatic people, proposal of stricter requirements regarding the information that must be provided to the patient, registration and notification of the doses of medical-radiological procedures, use of reference levels for diagnosis and the availability of dose-indicating devices. The article reviews the most relevant aspects and novelties related to the principles of justification, optimization, dose control and the obligations derived from the right to information and consent. This Royal Decree considers essential for radiologists to develop a high level of competence and a new list of responsibilities and functions, which are detailed and analysed in this article.
Subject(s)
Radiology , Humans , European Union , RadiologistsABSTRACT
'Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic/parasympathetic neural ganglia, respectively. The heterogeneity in its etiology makes PPGL diagnosis and treatment very complex. The aim of this article was to provide practical clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PPGLs from a multidisciplinary perspective, with the involvement of the Spanish Societies of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN), Medical Oncology (SEOM), Medical Radiology (SERAM), Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SEMNIM), Otorhinolaryngology (SEORL), Pathology (SEAP), Radiation Oncology (SEOR), Surgery (AEC) and the Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO). We will review the following topics: epidemiology; anatomy, pathology and molecular pathways; clinical presentation; hereditary predisposition syndromes and genetic counseling and testing; diagnostic procedures, including biochemical testing and imaging studies; treatment including catecholamine blockade, surgery, radiotherapy and radiometabolic therapy, systemic therapy, local ablative therapy and supportive care. Finally, we will provide follow-up recommendations (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Genetic Counseling/methods , Pheochromocytoma/therapy , Paraganglioma/therapy , Biomarkers, Tumor , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Study Guides as Topic , Genetic TestingABSTRACT
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic/parasympathetic neural ganglia, respectively. The heterogeneity in its etiology makes PPGL diagnosis and treatment very complex. The aim of this article was to provide practical clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PPGLs from a multidisciplinary perspective, with the involvement of the Spanish Societies of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN), Medical Oncology (SEOM), Medical Radiology (SERAM), Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SEMNIM), Otorhinolaryngology (SEORL), Pathology (SEAP), Radiation Oncology (SEOR), Surgery (AEC) and the Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO). We will review the following topics: epidemiology; anatomy, pathology and molecular pathways; clinical presentation; hereditary predisposition syndromes and genetic counseling and testing; diagnostic procedures, including biochemical testing and imaging studies; treatment including catecholamine blockade, surgery, radiotherapy and radiometabolic therapy, systemic therapy, local ablative therapy and supportive care. Finally, we will provide follow-up recommendations.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/therapy , Paraganglioma/diagnosis , Paraganglioma/therapy , Pheochromocytoma/diagnosis , Pheochromocytoma/therapy , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/genetics , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Aftercare , Algorithms , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Biomarkers, Tumor/urine , Catecholamines/antagonists & inhibitors , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Genetic Counseling , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genetic Testing , Humans , Neoplasm Staging , Paraganglioma/genetics , Paraganglioma/pathology , Pheochromocytoma/genetics , Pheochromocytoma/pathology , Societies, Medical , Spain/epidemiology , Symptom Assessment/methodsABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most aggressive tumors with an increasing incidence rate and reduced survival. Although surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for PC, only 15-20% of patients are resectable at diagnosis. To select the most appropriate treatment and thus improve outcomes, the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for each patient with PC should be discussed within a multidisciplinary expert team. Clinical decision-making should be evidence-based, considering the staging of the tumor, the performance status and preferences of the patient. The aim of this guideline is to provide practical and evidence-based recommendations for the management of PC.
